{"id":1727,"date":"2026-04-04T18:44:42","date_gmt":"2026-04-04T17:44:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dev-bussola-digital-contabilidade.pantheonsite.io\/?p=1727"},"modified":"2026-04-08T19:53:48","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T18:53:48","slug":"inventarios-o-que-todas-as-empresas-devem-saber","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/2026\/04\/04\/inventarios-o-que-todas-as-empresas-devem-saber\/","title":{"rendered":"Inventories: what all companies should know"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Inventories: what all companies should know<\/h3>\n

Informational article \u2013 B\u00fassola Digital \u2013 Accounting & Consultancy, Sole Trader (ENI)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inventories are a crucial part of the financial position of entities that trade goods. We will explain in a simple and clear way how they should be recognised, measured and presented under the Portuguese Accounting Standard System (SNC).<\/p>\n\n\n

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1. What are inventories?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Inventories are assets held for sale, in production, or to be consumed in the production process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They include goods, raw materials, finished products and by-products.<\/p>\n\n\n

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2. When should inventories be recognised?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Recognition occurs when the entity obtains economic control of the goods \u2014 it does not depend on the invoice date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Typical examples:<\/strong>
\u2022 Physical receipt of goods
\u2022 Transfer of risks and rewards
\u2022 Contractual conditions (Incoterms, delivery terms, etc.)<\/p>\n\n\n

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3. How are they measured?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Inventories are recorded at acquisition or production cost, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Purchase price
\u2022 Transport costs
\u2022 Directly attributable costs<\/p>\n\n\n\n

They are subsequently measured at the lower of cost and net realisable value.<\/p>\n\n\n

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4. Permitted Costing Methods<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The SNC permits:
\u2022 FIFO (First In, First Out)
\u2022 WAC (Weighted Average Cost)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

LIFO is not permitted.<\/p>\n\n\n

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5. Inventory Systems<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Perpetual Inventory System (PIS) \u2013 continuous recording of inventory inflows and outflows.
\u2022 Periodic Inventory System (PIS) \u2013 determination carried out only at the end of the period.<\/p>\n\n\n

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6. Losses, Obsolescence and Impairment<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

When the net realisable value is lower than cost, an impairment loss must be recognised, adjusting the value of inventories.<\/p>\n\n\n

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7. Disclosure in the Financial Statements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The entity shall present:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 Measurement policies
\u2022 Amounts by category
\u2022 Impairment losses recognised and reversed
\u2022 Inventories held by third parties<\/p>\n\n\n

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In summary<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The proper treatment of inventories ensures the reliability, comparability, and transparency of financial statements \u2014 essential pillars for decision-making and for the credibility of accounting information.<\/p>\n\n\n

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Practical Example \u2014 Inventories at the Company \u201cAuto Agora\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Context<\/strong>
Auto Agora purchases 100 units of a product for resale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Purchase data:<\/strong>
\u2022 Unit price: \u20ac10
\u2022 Transport: \u20ac50
\u2022 Trade discount: \u20ac20
\u2022 Non-deductible VAT: \u20ac0 (it is deductible, therefore not included in cost)<\/p>\n\n\n

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1. Calculation of acquisition cost<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Total cost = (100 \u00d7 \u20ac10) \u2013 \u20ac20 + \u20ac50 = \u20ac1,030
Unit cost = \u20ac1,030 \/ 100 = \u20ac10.30<\/p>\n\n\n

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2. Inventory outflow (FIFO method)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The company sells 40 units.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Custo das vendas = 40 \u00d7 10,30 \u20ac = 412 \u20ac
Closing inventory = 60 units \u00d7 \u20ac10.30 = \u20ac618<\/p>\n\n\n

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3. Net Realisable Value (NRV) test<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

At the end of the period, the selling price has decreased and the NRV per unit is now \u20ac9.80.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As the NRV (\u20ac9.80) is lower than the cost (\u20ac10.30), there is an impairment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impairment = (\u20ac10.30 \u2013 \u20ac9.80) \u00d7 60 = \u20ac30
Final inventory after impairment = \u20ac618 \u2013 \u20ac30 = \u20ac588<\/p>\n\n\n

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What this example demonstrates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

\u2022 How to calculate acquisition cost
\u2022 How to apply FIFO
\u2022 How to determine the cost of sales
\u2022 How to recognise impairment when NRV is lower than cost<\/p>\n\n\n

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March 2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Os invent\u00e1rios representam uma parte crucial da posi\u00e7\u00e3o financeira das
\nentidades que comercializam bens.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2130,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"elementor_header_footer","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1727","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-essencial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1727","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1727"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2173,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1727\/revisions\/2173"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2130"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bussola-digital.pt\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}